In this Article you will get Notes of Zoology, these are Important Question of BIOLOGY for Class 12 NEB & some True Motivation related to your neb exam.
1) THE ALIMENTARY CANAL OF HUMAN
The alimentary canal is a muscular hollow continuous tubular organ that starts at the mouth and terminates at the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of the ingested food and liquids. The alimentary canal or alimentary tract is part of the digestive (gastrointestinal) system.
Gastrointestinal tract, also called digestive tract or alimentary canal, pathway by which food enters the body and solid wastes are expelled. The gastrointestinal tract includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus
The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal (also called the digestive tract) and other organs, such as the liver and pancreas. The alimentary canal is the long tube of organs — including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines — that runs from the mouth to the anus.
The alimentary tract of the digestive system is composed of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum and anus. Associated with the alimentary tract are the following accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
The alimentary canal is a major part of the digestive system. It is a continuous muscular tube which runs through the body and it is around 8 to 10 meters long. It is open at 2 ends, with the mouth at the anterior end and anus at the posterior end. The alimentary canal performs the function of digesting food.
2) Mechanism of Pulmonary Respiration
Pulmonary ventilation is commonly referred to as breathing. It is the process of air flowing into the lungs during inspiration (inhalation) and out of the lungs during expiration (exhalation). Air flows because of pressure differences between the atmosphere and the gases inside the lungs.
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3) Internal Structure of Human Heart
The human heart is a four-chambered muscular organ, shaped and sized roughly like a man's closed fist with two-thirds of the mass to the left of midline. The heart is enclosed in a pericardial sac that is lined with the parietal layers of a serous membrane.
The heart is divided into four chambers consisting of two atria and two ventricles; the atria receive blood, while the ventricles pump blood. The right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavas and the coronary sinus; blood then moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs.
The heart wall consists of 3 layers: Epicardium: thin external layer formed by visceral layer of serous pericardium. Myocardium: thick middle layer made of cardiac muscle. Endocardium: thin internal membrane that lines the heart and its valves.
The heart is a large muscular pump and is divided into two halves - the right-hand side and the left-hand side. The right-hand side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The left-hand side pumps oxygenated blood around the body.
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